Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-3 (of 3 Records) |
Query Trace: Hovell C[original query] |
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Development of dried blood spot quality control materials for adenosine deaminase severe combined immunodeficiency and an LC-MS/MS method for their characterization
Young B , Hendricks J , Foreman D , Pickens CA , Hovell C , De Jesus VR , Haynes C , Petritis K . Clin Mass Spectrom 2020 17 (4) 4-11 Adenosine deaminase severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID) is an autosomal recessive disorder in which a lack of ADA enzyme prevents the maturation of T- and B-cells; early intervention is crucial for restoring immune function in affected neonates. ADA is responsible for purine metabolism and—in its absence—adenosine, deoxyadenosine, and S-adenosylhomocysteine build up and can be detected in the blood. Preparing dried blood spot (DBS) quality control (QC) materials for these analytes is challenging because enrichments are quickly metabolized by the endogenous ADA in normal donor blood. Adding an inhibitor, erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA), has been previously reported to minimize enzyme activity, although this adds additional cost and complexity. We describe an alternative method using unnatural L-enantiomer nucleosides (L-adenosine and L-2′-deoxyadenosine) which eliminates the need for enzyme inhibition. We also present a novel method for characterization of the materials using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to quantify the analytes of interest. |
Randomised controlled trial of real-time feedback and brief coaching to reduce indoor smoking
Hovell MF , Bellettiere J , Liles S , Nguyen B , Berardi V , Johnson C , Matt GE , Malone J , Boman-Davis MC , Quintana PJE , Obayashi S , Chatfield D , Robinson R , Blumberg EJ , Ongkeko WM , Klepeis NE , Hughes SC . Tob Control 2019 29 (2) 183-190 BACKGROUND: Previous secondhand smoke (SHS) reduction interventions have provided only delayed feedback on reported smoking behaviour, such as coaching, or presenting results from child cotinine assays or air particle counters. DESIGN: This SHS reduction trial assigned families at random to brief coaching and continuous real-time feedback (intervention) or measurement-only (control) groups. PARTICIPANTS: We enrolled 298 families with a resident tobacco smoker and a child under age 14. INTERVENTION: We installed air particle monitors in all homes. For the intervention homes, immediate light and sound feedback was contingent on elevated indoor particle levels, and up to four coaching sessions used prompts and praise contingent on smoking outdoors. Mean intervention duration was 64 days. MEASURES: The primary outcome was 'particle events' (PEs) which were patterns of air particle concentrations indicative of the occurrence of particle-generating behaviours such as smoking cigarettes or burning candles. Other measures included indoor air nicotine concentrations and participant reports of particle-generating behaviour. RESULTS: PEs were significantly correlated with air nicotine levels (r=0.60) and reported indoor cigarette smoking (r=0.51). Interrupted time-series analyses showed an immediate intervention effect, with reduced PEs the day following intervention initiation. The trajectory of daily PEs over the intervention period declined significantly faster in intervention homes than in control homes. Pretest to post-test, air nicotine levels, cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use decreased more in intervention homes than in control homes. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that real-time particle feedback and coaching contingencies reduced PEs generated by cigarette smoking and other sources. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01634334; Post-results. |
Protecting young children from tobacco smoke exposure: A pilot study of Project Zero Exposure
Rosen L , Guttman N , Myers V , Brown N , Ram A , Hovell M , Breysse P , Rule A , Berkovitch M , Zucker D . Pediatrics 2018 141 S107-s117 BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) harms children, who are often "captive smokers" in their own homes. Project Zero Exposure is a parent-oriented, theory-based intervention designed to reduce child TSE. This paper reports on findings from the pilot study, which was conducted in Israel from 2013 to 2014. METHODS: The intervention consisted of motivational interviews, child biomarker and home air quality feedback, a Web site, a video, and self-help materials. The primary outcome was child TSE as measured by hair nicotine. Secondary outcome measures were air nicotine and particulate matter, parental reports of TSE, parental smoking behavior, and TSE child protection. A single-group pre- and posttest design was used. RESULTS: Twenty-six of the 29 recruited families completed the study. The intervention was feasible to implement and acceptable to participants. Among the 17 children with reliable hair samples at baseline and follow-up, log hair nicotine dropped significantly after the intervention (P = .04), hair nicotine levels decreased in 64.7% of children, and reductions to levels of nonexposed children were observed in 35.3% of children. The number of cigarettes smoked by parents (P = .001) and parent-reported child TSE declined (P = .01). Logistical issues arose with measurement of all objective measures, including air nicotine, which did not decline; home air particulate matter; and hair nicotine. CONCLUSIONS: A program based on motivational interviewing and demonstrating TSE and contamination to parents in a concrete and easily understandable way is a promising approach to protect children from TSE. Further research is needed to enhance current methods of measurement and assess promising interventions. |
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